So where did the farmers go? What the Past Teaches Us About the AI Future

~ Glenn Remoreras

In the early 20th century, America underwent a profound transformation. The mechanization of agriculture displaced millions of farmers and farm workers, threatening the very foundations of rural life. But instead of unraveling, the nation responded with reinvention.

Communities across the country—particularly in the Midwest—launched what would become known as the High School Movement. Long before federal mandates, they built and funded public high schools as a grassroots investment in the future. The logic was simple but revolutionary: if machines were going to replace muscle, then the mind would be the new differentiator.

This movement didn’t merely respond to industrialization—it prepared people to lead through it. By focusing on broad-based education—literacy, numeracy, critical thinking—it created a workforce capable of adapting to new demands. And it worked. The High School Movement was a critical foundation of what historians now call the American Century—a period marked by global leadership in innovation, productivity, and economic power.

Much of this shift was driven by profound changes in the nature of work. In the 1800s, over 70% of the U.S. workforce were farmers. Today, that number has dropped to under 2%, thanks to tractors, irrigation systems, and precision agriculture. Manufacturing too experienced a dramatic evolution. It peaked in the 1950s, when it accounted for nearly 30% of U.S. jobs. Today, that figure is closer to 8%, as automation, robotics, and assembly lines increased output while reducing labor demands.

So where did the farmers go? From farms to factories. From factories to offices, schools, stores, hospitals, and eventually, tech companies. The mechanization of agriculture didn’t just displace—it propelled. It fueled the rise of urbanization, the expansion of industrial America, and the birth of the modern service economy.

Now, we are once again standing at the edge of a historic inflection point.

Artificial Intelligence is not just another tool—it is a general-purpose technology with the power to rewire entire industries, redefine how value is created, and reshape the relationship between people and work. Autonomous AI agents are beginning to plan, execute, and adapt tasks across domains—from software development and R&D to customer service and strategic decision-making. As they scale, so too does the need for a new kind of preparedness.

If the industrial age demanded mass literacy, the AI age demands something deeper: AI literacy.

But AI literacy isn’t just about understanding algorithms or using tools—it’s about cultivating a mindset and a set of interdisciplinary capabilities that empower people to partner with AI, not be displaced by it.

The Pillars of AI Literacy for the Modern Era

  1. Computational Thinking & Data Fluency: Individuals must understand not just how to use AI tools, but how data is collected, structured, biased, and interpreted. This enables them to guide, question, and refine AI-driven decisions rather than passively accept them.
  2. Relationship Management Leadership: In a world where AI is embedded in human systems, the ability to foster trust, lead across functions, and manage relationships becomes critical. Leaders must be fluent in the human dynamics of AI adoption—coaching teams, navigating change, and building bridges between technology and business outcomes. The future of leadership isn’t just technical—it’s relational.
  3. Prompt Engineering & Critical Use: As generative AI becomes a co-worker, the ability to frame the right questions and guide AI responses becomes a core competency—akin to the reading and writing skills of the last century.
  4. Ethics, Agency & Digital Citizenship: With AI influencing everything from legal sentencing to hiring and healthcare, we must equip people with the judgment to assess fairness, protect human agency, and demand accountability.
  5. Adaptive Learning Mindset: Because AI will evolve continuously, the next generation must be trained not just to use tools, but to continuously learn new ones. Comfort with ambiguity, curiosity, and resilience become essential.
  6. Interdisciplinary Literacy: AI now permeates every field—from law and logistics to design and education. Future readiness requires embedding AI understanding into every discipline, not siloing it within IT or data science departments.

Just as reading and writing became the gateway to opportunity in the industrial age, AI literacy is the new threshold for leadership in the age of intelligence. It is not a technical checkbox—it’s a cultural catalyst. The organizations that embrace it won’t just survive disruption; they’ll define what comes next—with intention, with integrity, and with imagination. And beyond the enterprise, AI literacy is equally vital for society at large. It empowers citizens to navigate complexity, participate meaningfully in a rapidly changing world, and ensure that technology serves the common good. This is not only how we build better companies—it’s how we build a more equitable, informed, and human-centered future.

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Published by Glenn Remoreras

Glenn is a seasoned business leader with international experience and a strong track record in senior IT leadership. He has led innovation, business integration, and digital transformation initiatives that drive growth and deliver enterprise value. Glenn recently joined Breakthru Beverage Group as EVP and Chief Information Officer. Previously, he served as Global CIO at Mark Anthony Group and, before that, as Vice President of IT for the Beer Division at Constellation Brands. Glenn began his IT career at CEMEX Inc., where he held various leadership roles across Asia Pacific, Europe, Mexico, and the United States. He is also a Board Member Emeritus of the BRM Institute and has held several volunteer leadership positions there, including Chair of the Knowledge Council and Chair of the Executive Council.

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